BY IVAN MAHIMBI
INTRODUCTION.
Mao ze
dong also transliterate
as Mao TseTung,
commony refer to
as a chairman
Mao (December 26,
1893- September 9,
1976) was a
Chinese communist revolutionary
and political theorist.
The founding father
of the people’s
republic of China
drom its establishment
in 1949, he governed the
country as chairman
of the communist
party of China
until has death.
In this position
he converted China
into single party
socialist state, with
Industry and business
being nationalized under
state ownership and
socialist reforms implemented
in all areas
of society. Politically
a Marxist Leninist
his theoretical contribution
o the ideology a
ling with his
military strategies and
brand of policies
are collective know
as Maoism
The people
republic of China
was established on
October 1, 1949.
It was the
culmination of over
two decades of
civil and international
wars. From 1943
to 1976 Mao
was the chairman
of the communist
Party of China
during this period
Mao was called
chairman Mao or
the Great leader
chairman Mao famously
the Chinese people
have stood up
“Mao
played a personal
role in organizing
the mass repressions
and established a
system of execution
quotas”[1]
A deeply
controversial figure Mao is regarded
as one of
the most important
in modern History.
Supporters praise him for
modernizing China and
building it into
a world power,
through promoting the
status of women,
improving education and
health care providing
universal housing and
raising life expectancy.
“Maoist
further promote his
rle as a
theorists statesmen poet
and visionary, who
has inspired revolutionary
movements across the
globe”
Mao pronounced
dead at 12;10
Am on September
9, 1976. He
died from suffered
a heart attack,
fare mire severs
than his previous
two and affecting
a much larger
area of his
heart. September 9
was chosen as the day
to let Mao
because it was
seen as an
easy day to
remember being the
ninth day of
ninth month of
the calendar
PERSON
LIFE.
Mao’s private
life was very
secretive at the
time of his rule. However after
Mao’s death his
personal physician Li
Zhisui published the
private life of
Chairman Mao, a
memoir which mentions
some aspects of
Mao’s private life,
such as chain-smoking
cigarettes rare bathing
or dental habits,
laziness, addiction to
sleeping pills and
large number of
sexual partners.
Having grown
up in Hunan
Mao spoke mandarin
with a heavy
Xiang Chinese accent
that is very
pronounced on recordings
of speeches. Ross
Terrill noted Mao
was a son
of the soil.. rural
and unsophiscated in
origins. While clare
Holling worth asserted
he was proud
of his “peasant
ways and manners”
comments on sexual
matters. Lee Feigon
noted that Mao’s
“earthiness meant that
he remained connected
to everyday Chinese
life.
Biographer Peter
Carter described Mao as having
“an attractive personality”
who could for
much of the
time be a
“moderate and balanced
man” but noted
that he could
also be ruthless,
and showed no mercy to
his opponents. This
description was echoed
by sinologist stuart
schram, who also
noted that Mao
showed on sign
of tak(ing) pleasure”
in torture or
killing in the
revolutionary causes. Historian
Lee reigon also
described Mao as
being “draconian and
authoritarian when threatened
but expressed the
opinion that he
was not the
kind of villain
that his mentor
stalin was.
Alexander Pantsov
and Steven I. Levine
claimed that “Mao
was a man
of complex mood”
who “tried his
best to bring
about prosperity and
gain international respect”
for China being
neither a saint
nor a demon”.
They noted that in
early life he
strived to be
a strong willful
and purposefully hero,
not bound by
moral chains.
“Carter
notd that throughout
of his life
Mao had the
ability to gain
people’s trust and
that as sush
he gathered around
him an extraordinary
wide range of
friends in his
early years”[2]
BIOGRAPHY OF
MAO TSE-TUNG
NAME: MAO
TSE TUNG
OCCUPATION : military
leader Political leader
BIRTHDAY: December
26, 1893
DEATH DATE:
September 09, 1976
EDUCATION: first
provincial normal school
pecking university
PLACE OF
BIRTH: shaosham china,
PLACE OF
DEATH: Beijing china.
A. SYNOPSIS;
Born on
December 26, 1893, in
shaosham Hunan province,
china. Mao TseTsung
was the leader
of the Chinese
communist party from
1935 until his
death and chairman
of the peoples
Republic of china
from 1949 to
1959. Mao’s Great
leap and the
cultural Revolution were
ill conceived and
had distrous consequences
but many of
his goals such
as stressing china’s
self reliance were
generally landable.
B. FOR GREAT
LEADER HUMBLE BEGINNING
In the
late 19th century
Chuna was a
shell its once
glorious past led by the
decrepit Qing Dynasty.in
the forming community
of shaoshan, Mao
Tse Tsung was born
on December 9,
1893 to peasant
family that had
tilled their three
acres of land
for several generations.
Life was difficult for
many Chinese but
Mao’s family was
better off than
most. His authoritarian father
Mao Zedong, was
prosperous grain dealer
and his mother,
wen Qinnei was
a nurturing parent
when he turned
eight years old,
Mao attended the
little village school
but received little
education. By 13
he was working
full time in
the fields. But
Mao grew increasingly
restless and ambitious.
At
age 14, Mao’s
father arranged a
marriage for him,
but he never
accepted it. When
he turned 17,
he left home
to enroll in
a secondary school
in Changsha, the
capital of hunan
province. In 1922,
the Xinhua Revolution
began against the
monarchy and Mao
joined the revolutionary
Army.
C. MAO’S MOVEMENTS
TOWARDS COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY.
In 1918
Mao’s TseTsung graduated
from the Hunan
first normal School
certificate as a
teacher. That same
year his mother
died and he had no
desire to return
home. He traveled
to Beijing but
was unseccesful in
the finding job.
He fially found
a position as
a librarian assistant
at Beijing university
and attended a
few classes. At
about this time
he heard of
the successfully Rusian
Revolution which established
the communist soviety
Union in 1921
he become one
of the inaugural
members of the
Chinese communists party.
In 1923,
Chinese leader sun
Yat sen Began
a policy of
active cooperation with
the Chinese community
party, but over
the next few
years he adopted
Lennist Idea and
believed that appealing
to the farming
peasants was the
key to establishing
communism in Asia.
He rose up
through the ranks
of the party
as a delegate
assemblyman and executive
to the Shanghai branch
of the party.
D. DEATH OF
SUN YAT SEN
AND THE LONG
MARCH.
In march
1925, Chinese president
sun Yat-sen died
and his successor
Chiang kai sheck
become the chairman
of the Kuomintang.
Unlike sun Yat-sen,
Chiang was more
conservative and traditional.
In April 1927,
he broke the
alliance and began
a violent purge
of the communists,
imprisoning or killing
many. In September
Mao Tse Tsung led
an army of
peasants against kuominting
but was handly
defeated. The remnants
of the army
fled to Jiangxi
Province where they
recorgnised. Mao helped
establish the soviet
republic of China in
the mountainous area
of Jiangxi and
was eleted chairman
of the small
republic. He developed
a small but strong army
of gerilla fighters
and directed the
torture and execution
of any dissidents
who defied party
law.
E. JAPANESE
- CHINESE CONFLICT
AND MAO’S RISE
TO POWER.
In July
1937, the Japanese
Imperial Army invaded
China kaishek to
flee the capital
in Nanking. Chiang’s
forces soon lost
control of the
coastal regions and
most of the
major cities. Unable
to fight a
war on two
fronts Chiang reached
out to the
communists for a
truce and support.
During this time,
Mao established himself
as a military
leader and with
aid from Allied
forces helped fight
the Japanese.
With the
Japanese defeat in
1945, Mao TseTung
was able to
set his sight
on controlling all
of China. Efforts
were made by
the United States in
particular to establish
a coalition government
but China slid
in to a
bloody civil war.
On October 1,
1949, in Tiananmen
square Beijing Mao
announced the establishment
of the People’s
Republic of China.
Chiang Kaishek and his
followers fled to
the island of
Taiwan, where they
formed the Republic
of China. Over
the next few
years Mao TseTung
instituted sweeping land
reform sometimes through
coercion, using violence
and terror when
he deemed it
necessary. He instituted
positives changes in
China including promoting
the ststus of
women, doubling the
school population and
improving literacy and
increasing access to
health care, which
dramatically raised life expectancy.
F. FALLOUT FROM
THE “GREAT LEAP
FORWARD”
In January
1958 Mao TseTung launched
the Great Leap
Forward attempting to increase
agriculture and industrial
production. The program
established large agricultural
communes with as
many as 75,000
people working the
fields. Each family
received a share
of the profits
and a small
plot of land.
Mao had set
idealistic same would
say improbable expections
for both agriculture
and industrial production,
believing the country
could make a
century worth in
a few decades.
Agriculture production
had not come close to
expectation and reports
of massive steel
production proved to be false
within a year
an appalling famine set
in and entire
villages due of
starvation. In the
worst manmade famine
in human history
an estimated 40
millions people died
of hunger between
1959-1961.
As a
result of the
Great Leap Forwards
failure in 1962, Mao
TseTung was quietly
pushed to the
sidelines and his
rivals took control
of the country. For
the first time
in 25 years
Mao was not
a control figure
in leadership while
he waited for
his time to
return an ardent
supporter.
G. THE CHAIRMAN’S
RETURN TO POWER
AND THE CULTURAL
REVOLUTION.
In 1966,
Mao Tse Tung made
his return and launched
the cultural Revolution.
Appearing at a
gathering at the
Yangtze River in
May, the 75
year old Mao
swam for several
minutes in the
river, looking fit
and energetic. The
message to his
rivals was “Look
I’m back” Later
he and his
cliset aides chroreographed a
series of public
rallies involving thousands
of young supporters.
He calculated correctly
that the young
wouldn’t remember much
about the failure
of the Great
Leap Forward and
the subsequent famine.
Mao told his
followers that bourgeois
elements in China
were aiming to
restore capitalism and
declave this element
must be removed
from society.
H. REVOLUTIONARY LEGACY.
In 1972
to further solidify
his place in
Chinese history Mao Tse Tung
met with United
State President Richard
Nixon, a gesture
that eased tension
between the two
countries and elevated
China’s prominence as a world
player. During the
meeting it become
apparent that Mao’s
health was deteriorating
and not much
accomplished because Mao
was not always
clear in his
statements or intentions.
On September
18, 1976 Mao
Tse Tung died
at the age
of 82 of
complications of Parkinsons
diseases. He left
a controversial legacy
in both China
and the west
as a genocidal
monster and political
genius. Officially in
China he is
held in high regard as a
great political strategist
and military mastermind,
the savior of the
nation. However Mao’s
efforts to close
China to trade and
market commerce and
eradicate traditional Chinese
culture have largely
been rejected by
his successors. While
his emphasis on Chinas
self reliance and
the rapid Industrialization that
he promoted is
credited with laying
the foundation for
Chinas later 20th century
development, his harsh
methods and insensitivity
to anyone who
didn’t give him
full faith and
allegiance have been
widely rebuked as
self-defeating.
“Mao
believed that a
revolution of culture
would unseat and
unsettle the “rulling
class and keep
China in a
state of “perpetual
revolution” that theoretically
would serve the
interests of the
majority not a
tiny elite”[3]
SELECTED
WORKS OF MAO
TSE TUNG ANALYSIS OF
THE CLASSES IN CHINESE SOCIETY
Who are
enemies? Who are
our friend? This
is the question
of the first
Importance for the
revolution. The basic
reason why all
previous revolutionary struggles
in China achieved
a little was
their failure to
unite with real
friends in order
to attack real
enemies. The work
which Mao’s did
was to select
real enemies which
backward the development.
He analysed in
term of classes.
i.
The
landlord class and
the comprador class.
In
economically backward and
semi-colonial China the
land lord class
and the comprador
class are wholly
appendages of the
international bourgeoise depending
upon imperialism for
their survival ant
growth. The classes
represent the most
backward and most
reactionary relations of
production in China
and hinder the
development for her
productive force.
ii.
The
middle bourgeoisie.
This class represent
the capitalist relations
of production in
which in town
and country. This
class were fevered
the revolution and
become revolutionary who
they act as
supporter of loss
classes (proletariat). They
stand for the
establishment of a
state under the
rule of single
class.
iii.
The
petty bourgeoisie.
Include inn
the category are
the owner-peasants the
master handicraftsmen, the
lower levels of
the intellectuals. Students
primary and secondary
school teachers, lower
government functionaries, office
clerks, small lawyer
and the small
traders. Both because
of size and
class character, this
class deserves very
close attention. The
owner-peasants and the
master handicraftmen are
both engaged in
small scale production.
iv.
Semi-proletariate. What
is here called
the semi proletariat
consists of five categories;
i.
The
overwhelming majority of
the semi owner
peasant
ii.
The
poor peasants
iii.
The
small handicraftsmen
iv.
The
shop assistants
v.
Pedlars.
The overwhelming
majority of the
semi owner peasants
together with the
poor peasants constitute
a very part
of the rural
masses. The peasant
problem is essentially
their problem
CONCLUSION
All in
all Mao Zedong
traditional Chinese pinying
Mao Zedong also
translated as Mao
Tse Tung was a
good leader to
the Chinese people
because he was
fighting for people
who were low
standard of living.
He was hating
a classes in his government.
This is because
he thought that
classes was among
the sources of
backward the development.
That’s why in
his book of selected works
volume I he classified
the different classes
and how it
dominated others. For
example the land
lord class and
comprador class, the
middle bourgeoisies petty bourgeoisies semi-worker.
Also soon after
Mao become in
power he provided
relief to the
Chinese people by
providing food, shelter
and clothes and also he
established industries for
the purpose of
providing employment to
the Chinese people.
Also Mao strimulate
much agriculture which
was backborne for
development
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